Yintoni isityumzi?
Phambi kokuba sibhaqe zonke iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezityuli - kufuneka sazi ukuba yintoni na isityumzi kwaye sisetyenziselwa ntoni na. I-crusher ngumatshini owehlisa amatye amakhulu abe ngamatye amancinci, igrabile, okanye uthuli lwamatye. Izityuli zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimigodi kunye namashishini okwakha, apho asetyenziselwa ukuqhekeza amatye amakhulu kakhulu kunye namatye abe ngamaqhekeza amancinci. Izityuli zikwasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimisebenzi efana nokwaphula i-asphalt kwimisebenzi yendlela okanye iiprojekthi zokudiliza. Oomatshini bokutyumza bafika kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zobukhulu kunye nobuchule, ukusuka kwizityuli zemihlathi ezincinci ezixabisa ngokufanayo nelori entsha ukuya kwizityuli zecone ezinkulu ezixabisa izigidi zeerandi. Ngalo lonke olu khetho uya kufuna ukuqiniseka ukuba lowo umkhethileyo unamandla kunye nobuchule obuyimfuneko kwiprojekthi yakho ethile. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuba ne-crusher onayo kunokonga ixesha elininzi kunye nomsebenzi kuba akuyi kufuneka wenze izinto ezininzi zokutyumza ngokwakho. Oku kubenza babe yi-asethi exabisekileyo kuye nabani na onokufuna ukutyumza imathiriyeli ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo.
Imbali emfutshane yezityumli
I-patent yokuqala yase-United States yomatshini wokutyumza amatye yayingo-1830. Itekhnoloji yayo ephambili yayiyi-concept ye-drop hammer, efunyenwe kwi-mill eyaziwayo yesitampu, eyayiza kudityaniswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwixesha legolide lemigodi. Kwiminyaka elishumi emva koko, enye ipatent yase-US yakhutshelwa isityumzi. Isityumzi samandulo sempembelelo yayenziwe ngebhokisi yeplanga, igubu leplanga eliyisilinda, elineehamile zentsimbi ezibotshelelwe kulo. Ngelixa omabini la malungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza aye anikwa, akakho nomdali owakhe wathengisa izinto abaziqabileyo.
U-Eli Whitney Blake waqulunqa, unelungelo lobunikazi, kwaye wathengisa i-rock crusher yokuqala yokuqala ngo-1858, yaziwa ngokuba yi-Blake Jaw Crusher. I-Crayer kaBlake yayinempembelelo kangangokuba iimodeli zanamhlanje zisathelekiswa noyilo lwakhe lokuqala. Oku kungenxa yokuba iBlake Jaw Crusher idibanise umgaqo ongundoqo womatshini - unxibelelwano lokuguqula - ingqiqo abafundi boomatshini abaqhelekileyo.
Ngo-1881, u-Philetus W. Gates wafumana i-patent yase-US kwisixhobo sakhe esinemibono esisiseko ye-gyratory crushers yanamhlanje. Ngo-1883 uMnumzana uBlake wacela umngeni kuMnu. Gates ukuba atyumze i-9 cubic yadi zamatye kukhuphiswano ukuze abone ukuba yeyiphi na isityuli esiza kuwugqiba ngokukhawuleza umsebenzi. I-Gates crusher igqibe umsebenzi kwimizuzu engama-40 kungekudala!
I-Gates's gyratory crushers yayikhethwa lishishini lemigodi phantse iminyaka engamashumi amabini de kwafika inkulungwane, malunga no-1910, xa izityumza zemihlathi zikaBlake zaphinda zaphinda zathandwa. Imfuno yezityumli zemihlathi ezinomlomo omkhulu iye yanda njengoko ishishini laqala ukuqonda amandla azo njengezityuli eziphambili kwiikwari zamatye. Ngophando lukaThomas A. Edison kunye nophuhliso, oomatshini abakhulu baqanjwa kwaye babekwa malunga ne-United States. Izityumli zemihlathi ezinobungakanani obuncinci nazo zaphuhliswa njengezityuli zesibini kunye nenqanaba lesithathu.
Izifundo zika-Edison ngaphakathi kwintsimi yemigodi kunye nokutyumza zishiye ilifa eliphucula ngonaphakade indlela amatye amakhulu kunye nezinto ezincitshiswa ngayo.
Ukutyumza yinkqubo yokunciphisa okanye ukwaphula izinto ezinobungakanani obukhulu zibe zincinci. Kukho iindlela ezine ezisisiseko zokutyumza.
Impembelelo: Ukungqubana okukhawulezileyo kwezinto ezinkulu enye kwenye kunye nemathiriyeli ebekwe phakathi. Zombini ezi zinto zinokushukuma okanye enye inokuthi cwaka ngelixa enye ibetha ngokuchasene nayo. Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zokunciphisa impembelelo, ubunzima kunye nokutshintsha.
Attrition: Ukuhlikihla imathiriyeli phakathi kwemiphezulu emibini eqinileyo. Le yindlela efanelekileyo xa unciphisa izinto ezinqabileyo ezincinci kuba zisebenzisa amandla amancinci ngexesha lenkqubo. Izinto ezomeleleyo bezingayi kusebenza kakuhle.
Ukucheba: Ngokuqhelekileyo kudityaniswe nezinye iindlela zokunciphisa, ukucheba kusebenzisa indlela yokucheba kwaye kusetyenziswa xa kufunwa isiphumo esirhabaxa. Le ndlela yokunciphisa idla ngokubonwa kwi-primary crushing.
Uxinzelelo: Into ephambili yomatshini wezityumli zemihlathi, ucinezelo lunciphisa imathiriyeli phakathi kwemiphezulu emibini. Ilungele izinto eziqine kakhulu, ezirhabaxa ezingangenisi izityumzi ze-attrition. Uxinzelelo alufanelekanga kuyo nayiphi na i-tacky okanye i-gummy.
Ukukhetha uhlobo oluchanekileyo lwendlela yokutyumza yodwa kuzo zombini uhlobo lwezinto ozichithayo kunye nemveliso oyifunayo. Okulandelayo, kufuneka uthathe isigqibo sokuba loluphi uhlobo lwesityuli esiwulungele kakhulu umsebenzi. Ukugcina ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokusebenza kakuhle engqondweni kusoloko kuyingqwalasela ephezulu. Ukusebenzisa uhlobo olungalunganga lokutyumza kunokukhokelela ekulibazisekeni okunexabiso eliphezulu kwaye kudle amandla amaninzi kunokuba bekulindelwe ngexesha lenkqubo.
Zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityuli?
Zininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityuli ukusuka kwizityuli zemihlathi ukuya kwiimpembelelo kunye nezityuli zekhowuni. Ukutyumza yinkqubo eguquguqukayo kwaye uhlobo lwesityuli olufunayo luxhomekeke 'kwinqanaba' lokutyumza. Amanqanaba amathathu aphambili okutyumza zezona ziphambili, eziziisekondari, neziphezulu – zonke zinezibonelelo zazo ezizodwa. Ukutyunyuzwa okuphambili kubandakanya ukusebenzisa into enkulu njengamandla okuqala ukudiliza amatye amakhulu kakhulu kwaye aqinile kunye namatye abe ngamaqhekeza amancinci ngaphambi kokuba adlulele kwinqanaba lesibini. Ukutyumza okusesibini kuqhekeza imathiriyeli nangakumbi phambi kokuba iye kwinqanaba lemfundo ephakamileyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yimveliso ephucuke ngakumbi enokuthi emva koko isetyenziswe kwiiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo zemizi-mveliso. Uhlobo ngalunye lokutyumza kwinqanaba ngalinye lokutyunyuzwa lichazwe ngokubanzi ngezantsi.
Izixhobo eziphambili zokutyumza
Njengoko igama libonisa, olu hlobo lokutyumza ngowokuqala kwinkqubo. Izixhobo ze-Run of Mine (ROM) ziziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwiiprojekthi zokuqhushumba kwaye zityunyuzwe isityuli sokuqala kumjikelo wokuqala wokutyumza. Ngeli nqanaba, izinto eziphathekayo zifumana ukuncitshiswa kwayo kokuqala kwisayizi ukusuka kwimeko yayo eluhlaza. Ukutyunyuzwa okuphambili kuvelisa izinto ukusuka50 "ukuya 20"kwi-avareji. Iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zezityuli eziphambili zezi:
Izityumzi zemihlathi
Izixa ezikhulu zemathiriyeli zondliwa kwimihlathi "emilo engu-V" yesi sityumsi kwaye iyancitshiswa kusetyenziswa amandla oxinzelelo. Elinye icala lika-V lihlala limile ngelixa elinye icala lika-V lijinga phezu kwayo. Izinto eziphathekayo zinyanzeliswa ukusuka ekuvuleni okubanzi kwe-V ukuya kwindawo encinci ye-V eyenza ukunyakaza okutyumzayo. Izityumli zemihlathi zinkulu, ezinomsebenzi onzima oomatshini ngokwesiqhelo bakhiwa ngentsimbi etyhidiweyo kunye/okanye intsimbi. Ngokuqhelekileyo zithathwa njengomatshini osisiseko, izityuli zemihlathi zinendawo yazo kwishishini. Zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ilitye libe yigrabile engekho yunifomu.
Izityumsi zeGyratory
Ukubaleka kwemathiriyeli yam ikhutshelwa kwisityuli somgangatho ophezulu wehopper. Iindonga ze-gyratory crusher hopper zifakwe "i-V-shaped" iziqwenga, i-mantle kunye ne-concave, njenge-crusher yomhlathi kodwa imile njengekhoni. Intsimbi ekrwada ikhutshwa ngomngxuma omncinci ongezantsi wekhowuni. Ngelixa i-cone ingashukumi, intshukumo yokutyumza yangaphakathi yenziwa yi-shaft ejikelezayo kwintonga ethe nkqo. Isenzo esiqhubekayo sidalwa sisenza ngokukhawuleza kunesityuli somhlathi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla amancinci. Ngokuqhelekileyo zincinci kwaye zibiza kakhulu kunesityumsi somhlathi, izityuli ze-gyratory zilungele izixa ezikhulu zemathiriyeli xa ukumila okufanayo kungumnqweno.
Izixhobo zokutyumza yesibini
Emva kokuba izixhobo zihamba kumjikelo wazo wokuqala wokutyunyuzwa, zondliwa kwisityuli sesibini ukuze zaphulwe ngakumbi. Ubungakanani begalelo eliphakathi kwimiba yesityuli yesibini ukusuka13 "ukuya ku-4"ngeli nqanaba. Ukutyunyuzwa kwesibini kubaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni imathiriyeli esemgangathweni eza kusetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi zikarhulumente. Umzekelo izinto ezityumkileyo kwisiseko sendlela kunye nokuzalisa. Iindidi eziphambili zoomatshini bokutyumza kwiprosesa yesibini zixoxwa ngezantsi.
Izityumzi zekhowuni
Izityuli ze-cone zezinye zezona zikhetho eziphambili zokutyunyuzwa kwesibini. I-cone crusher ngumatshini onamandla osetyenziswa kumashishini amakhulu ukutyumza iintlobo ngeentlobo zemathiriyeli ngokweesayizi ezincinci. Isebenza ngokufaka uxinzelelo kwizinto eziphathekayo kwaye ziyicinezele kwi-mantle ejikelezayo ukudala ukunyanzeliswa kunye nokunyanzeliswa. Izinto ezityunyuziweyo ziqala ziqhekeke phezulu kwikhowuni apho ziye ziwe phantsi kwindawo engezantsi yekhowuni emxinwa ngakumbi. Ngeli xesha icone crusher ityumza imathiriyeli kwakhona ibe yisayizi encinci ngakumbi. Oku kuqhubeka kude kube yinto encinci ngokwaneleyo ukuba iphume kwindawo yokuvula engezantsi. Izinto ezisuka kwisityumzi sekhowuni zingasetyenziselwa iiprojekthi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ezibandakanya isiseko sendlela kwiiprojekthi zokwakha, ukufakwa ngokutsha kweasphalt kwipavumente, okanye kwimingxuma yegrabile kulwakhiwo lwendlela. Izityumza zecone zilungele izixhobo eziphakathi neziqinileyo - njengelitye elinyulu elisuka kwiikwari.
Izityumli zerola
I-roller crusher inciphisa izinto ngokuyicinezela phakathi kweesilinda ezimbini ezijikayo, ezihambelanayo. Iisilinda zifakwe ngokuthe tye enye iphumle kwimithombo eyomeleleyo kwaye enye ifakwe ngokusisigxina. Izinto ke ngoko zondliwa phakathi kwezi zimbini. Ukutshintsha umgama phakathi kweerola kukuvumela ukuba ulawule ubungakanani obufunwayo bemveliso. I-cylinder nganye ihlengahlengiswa ngokulula kwaye ifakwe nge-manganese ubuninzi bexesha elide lokunxiba. Izityumli zerola zibonelela ngemveliso entle kwaye ayifanelekanga kwizinto eziqinileyo okanye ezirhabaxa.
Izando zokusila kunye nezityuli zempembelelo
Esinye sezona zityumzayo ziguquguqukayo ezikhoyo, ii-hammer mill kunye ne-impacters inokuba yeyokuqala, eyesibini, kunye nezityumli eziphakamileyo. Izityumli zesando zokusila zisebenzisa ihamile eqhubekayo yokuvuthela ukuqhekeza kunye nokuchitha imathiriyeli. Ngokuqhelekileyo zijikeleza ngokuthe tye kwisilinda esivaliweyo. Iihamile zifakwe kwidiski kunye ne-swing kunye ne-centrifugal force ngokuchasene ne-casing. Izinto eziphathekayo zondliwa phezulu kwaye zityunyuzwe ukuwa ngomngxuma osezantsi. Uya kufumana izixhobo zokusila ezisetyenziswa kumashishini afana nezolimo, ezonyango, amandla, nangaphaya. Babonelela ngezona ziphumo ziphezulu zisebenzayo ezikhoyo, ziyaphatheka, kwaye zinokuphatha phantse naziphi na izinto.
Izityumli zempembelelo zinomgaqo wokusebenza ofanayo kakhulu ngaphandle kwendawo yamalungu ajikelezayo abethe imathiriyeli njengehamile, endaweni yoko bagibisela imathiriyeli ngokuchasene nepleyiti enempembelelo eyaphulayo. Zikwangena kuqwalaselo lweshaft ethe tyaba okanye ethe nkqo ngokuxhomekeke kwisiphumo esifunwayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-02-2024