Ezona ndaba zinkulu zemigodi yehlabathi zika-2023

Iimarike zetsimbi kunye nezimbiwa ziyaguquguquka ngamaxesha angcono kakhulu - i-nickel, i-cobalt kunye nexabiso le-lithium lokuwa kwexabiso ngo-2023 laligqithise kodwa lalingakaze libonwe ngaphambili. Abavelisi bomhlaba abanqabileyo, ababukeli besinyithi beqela leplatinam, abalandeli bentsimbi ekrwada, kunye negolide kunye nesilivere yebugs kulo mbandela, baye badlula ngaphezulu.

Iinkampani zemigodi ziye zaba ngcono ekuhambeni kumanzi agudileyo, kodwa ukuvalwa ngenkani komnye wemigodi yobhedu enkulu ukuba kuvele ukuveliswa kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje kusebenze njengesikhumbuzo esicacileyo somngcipheko omkhulu abajongene nawo abembi-mgodini phezu koguquko lwemarike.

IPanama ivala umgodi omkhulu wobhedu

Emva kweenyanga zoqhanqalazo kunye noxinzelelo lwezopolitiko, ekupheleni kukaNovemba urhulumente wasePanama wayalela ukuba kuvalwe umgodi we-First Quantum Minerals 'Cobre Panama emva kwesigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo esabhengeza isivumelwano semigodi yokusebenza.ngokuchasene nomgaqo-siseko.

Amanani oluntu abandakanya umlweli wemozulu uGreta Thunberg kunye nomlingisi waseHollywoodULeonardo Di Caprioluxhase uqhanqalazo kunyewabelane ngevidiyoibiza ukuba "umgodi we-mega" uyeke ukusebenza, nto leyo eyahamba ngokukhawuleza.

Isiteyitimenti samva nje se-FQM ngoLwesihlanu sithe urhulumente wasePanama akabonelelanga ngesiseko esisemthethweni kwinkampani esekwe eVancouver.ukulandela isicwangciso sokuvala, isicwangciso esithe uMphathiswa wezoShishino kumbindi welizwe laseMelika sathi siza kunikezelwa kuphela ngoJuni kulo nyaka uzayo.

FQMifayileIzaziso ezibini zolamlo ngokuvalwa komgodi, ongazange usebenze ukusukela kubaqhankqalaziivalwe ukufikelela kwizibuko layo lokuthumela ngenqanawango-Oktobha. Nangona kunjalo, ulamlo aluzukuba sisiphumo esithandwayo yinkampani, utshilo umphathi we-CEO uTristan Pascall.

Emva kwezidubedube, i-FQM ithe kufuneka inxibelelane ngcono ngexabiso le-10 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kuluntu olubanzi, kwaye ngoku iya kuchitha ixesha elininzi lizibandakanya nabantu basePanamani ngaphambi konyulo lwesizwe kunyaka ozayo. Izabelo ze-FQM ziye zanyuka kwiveki ephelileyo, kodwa zisarhweba ngaphezu kwe-50% ngaphantsi kwe-high hit ngoJulayi kulo nyaka.

Uqikelelo lobhedu oluqikelelweyo luyaba ngumphunga

Ukuvalwa kwe-Cobre Panama kunye nokuphazamiseka kokusebenza okungalindelekanga okunyanzela iinkampani zemigodi yobhedu ukuba zicuthe imveliso kubone ukususwa ngequbuliso malunga neetoni ezingama-600,000 zobonelelo olulindelekileyo kuya kususa imarike ukusuka kwintsalela elindelekileyo ukuya kwibhalansi, okanye intsilelo.

Isibini seminyaka elandelayo bekufanele ibe lixesha lobhedu oluninzi, enkosi kuthotho lweeprojekthi ezinkulu ezintsha eziqala kwihlabathi liphela.

Obekulindelekile kulo lonke ushishino ibiyeyentsalela ekhululekileyo phambi kokuba imarike iqina kwakhona kamva kule minyaka ilishumi xa imfuno ekhulayoizithuthi zombanekwayeiziseko ezingundoqo zamandla ahlaziyekayokulindeleke ukuba ingqubane nokunqongophala kwemigodi emitsha.

Endaweni yoko, imboni yezimayini ibonise indlela ukubonelela okusemngciphekweni kunokubakho - nokuba kungenxa yenkcaso yezopolitiko kunye nentlalontle, ubunzima bokuphuhlisa imisebenzi emitsha, okanye nje umngeni wemihla ngemihla wokutsala amatye phezulu phantsi komhlaba.

Ixabiso le-lithium lihanjiswa ekuboneleleni

Ixabiso le-lithium lachithwa ngo-2023, kodwa izibikezelo zonyaka ozayo zikude ne-rosy. Lithium imfuno evelaizithuthi zombaneisakhula ngokukhawuleza, kodwa impendulo yokubonelela igqithise imarike.

Unikezelo lwe-lithium yehlabathi jikelele, okwangoku, luya kuxhuma nge-40% ngo-2024, i-UBS yathi ekuqaleni kwale nyanga, ngaphezu kwe-1.4 yezigidi zeetoni ze-lithium carbonate elinganayo.

Imveliso kubavelisi abaphezulu Australia kunyeilatin Americaiya kunyuka i-22% kunye ne-29% ngokulandelanayo, ngelixa i-Afrika ilindeleke ukuba iphindwe kabini, iqhutywa ziiprojekthi zaseZimbabwe, ibhanki yathi.

Imveliso yaseTshayina iya kuxhuma i-40% kule minyaka mibini izayo, yatsho i-UBS, iqhutywa yiprojekthi enkulu yeCATL kwiphondo laseJiangxi elisezantsi.

Ibhanki yotyalo-mali ilindele ukuba amaxabiso e-lithium carbonate yaseTshayina ehle ngaphezulu kwe-30% kulo nyaka uzayo, adiphe asezantsi njenge-80,000 ye-yuan (i-14,800 yeedola) ngetoni nganye ngo-2024, i-avareji emalunga ne-100,000 ye-yuan, elingana neendleko zemveliso eJiangxi, owona mmandla mkhulu wemveliso wase-China. umchiza.

Ii-asethi zeLithium zisafunwa kakhulu

Ngo-Okthobha, i-Albemarle Corp.yemka ekuthatheni kwayo iibhiliyoni ezi-4.2 zeerandiyeLiontown Resources Ltd., emva kokuba oyena mfazi usisityebi waseOstreliya wakha iqaqobana elithintelayo kwaye ngokufanelekileyo wabhuqa enye yezona zinto zinkulu zentsimbi yentsimbi ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.

Inomdla wokongeza into entsha, i-Albemarle ilandele ithagethi yayo esekwe ePerth kangangeenyanga, ijonga iprojekthi yayo yaseKathleen Valley - enye yezona zinto zithembisayo eOstreliya. ILiontown yavuma unikezelo lwenkampani yase-US “eyona ilungileyo neyokugqibela” ye-A$3 yesabelo ngoSeptemba - iprimiyamu ekufutshane ne-100% yexabiso ngaphambi kokuba inzala ka-Albemarle yenziwe esidlangalaleni ngoMatshi.

U-Albemarle kwafuneka ajamelane nokufika kwe-tycoon yemigodi yokulwa u-Gina Rinehart, njenge-Hancock Prospecting yakhe.yakhiwe ngokuthe ngcembe i-19.9% ​​yezabeloeLiontown. Kwiveki ephelileyo, uye waba ngoyena mtyali-mali mkhulu, enefuthe elaneleyo lokuthintela ivoti yabanini-zabelo kwisivumelwano.

NgoDisemba, i-SQM idibene ne-Hancock Prospecting ukwenza i-sweetened A $ 1.7 billion (i-1.14 yeebhiliyoni zeedola) ibhidi ye-lithium yase-Australian i-Azure Minerals, amaqela amathathu athi ngoLwesibili.

Isivumelwano siza kunika umvelisi we-2 we-lithium we-SQM wehlabathi e-Australia kunye nesigxina kwiprojekthi ye-Azure ye-Andover kunye nentsebenziswano kunye noHancock, oneziseko zikaloliwe kunye namava asekuhlaleni ekuphuhliseni imigodi.

IChile, iMexico ithatha ulawulo lwe-lithium

Umongameli waseChile uGabriel Boric ubhengeze ngo-Epreli ukuba urhulumente wakhe uza kuzisa ishishini le-lithium yelizwe phantsi kolawulo lukarhulumente, esebenzisa imodeli apho urhulumente uya kusebenzisana neenkampani ukwenza uphuhliso lwasekhaya.

Iipolisi ekudala ilindelwekumvelisi wesibini wehlabathi wentsimbi yebhetri ibandakanya ukudalwa kwenkampani yelithium yelizwe, utshilo uBoric.kumabonakude wesizwe.

Umongameli waseMexico u-Andrés Manuel López Obrador ngoSeptemba uthe ukuvunyelwa kwe-lithium yelizwe kuyaphononongwa, emva kokuba i-Ganfeng yase-China kwinyanga ephelileyo ibonise ukuba imvumelwano ye-lithium yase-Mexico iyarhoxiswa.

I-López Obrador yenza ngokusesikweni indawo yokugcina i-lithium yaseMexico ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka kwaye ngo-Agasti, uGanfeng wathi abasemagunyeni kwezemigodi baseMexico bakhuphe isaziso kwiinkampani ezincedisayo zendawo ebonisa ukuba iimvume ezisithoba ziphelisiwe.

Igolide yokwakha kunyaka wokubeka irekhodi

Ixabiso legolide lekamva laseNew York libekwe phezulu kakhulu ekuqaleni kukaDisemba kwaye lijonge ukodlula incopho yokuya kunyaka omtsha.

Ibenchmark yexabiso legolide yaseLondon ifike kwizinga eliphezulu le-$2,069.40 ngetroy ounce nganye kwifandesi yasemva kwemini ngolwesiThathu, igqitha irekhodi yangaphambili ye-2,067.15 yeedola ebekwe ngo-Agasti ka-2020, iLondon Bullion Market Association (LBMA) yatsho.

“Andikwazi ukucinga ngomboniso ocacileyo wendima yegolide njengendawo yokugcina ixabiso kunenzondelelo abatyali-mali kwihlabathi liphela abaye bajika ngayo kwisinyithi ngexesha lobunzima bamva nje boqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko,” utshilo iGosa eliPhezulu le-LMBA uRuth Crowell.

I-JPMorgan iqikelele irekhodi elitsha emva ngoJulayi kodwa ilindeleke ukuba iphezulu entsha yenzeke kwikota yesibini ka-2024. Isiseko sethemba likaJPMorgan ngo-2024 - ukwehla kwamazinga enzala e-US - kuhlala kunjalo:

"Ibhanki inexabiso eliphakathi le-2,175 yeedola kwikota yokugqibela ka-2024, kunye nemingcipheko ethe yanyuka kuqikelelo lokudodobala koqoqosho lwase-US olunokuthi lube ngaxeshanye ngaphambi kokuba i-Fed iqale ukuthomalalisa."

Nanjengoko igolide inyuke incopho entsha, inkcitho yokuhlola kwintsimbi exabisekileyo yaditshwa. Uphononongo olupapashwe ngoNovemba lulonke uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lokuhlola imigodi lwehle kulo nyaka okokuqala ukusukela ngo-2020, lwehla i-3% ukuya kwi-12.8 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwiinkampani ezingama-2,235 ezabele imali yokufumana okanye ukwandisa iidiphozithi.

Ngaphandle kwexabiso legolide elihlwahlwazayo, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lokuphononongwa kwegolide, ngokwembali ebiqhutywa kakhulu licandelo lemigodi eliphantsi kunayo nayiphi na enye isinyithi okanye iminerali, yehle nge-16% okanye i-1.1 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngonyaka ukuya kutsho ngaphantsi kwe-6 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, emele i-46% iyonke yehlabathi.

Ehle ukusuka kwi-54% ngo-2022 phakathi kwenkcitho ephezulu kwi-lithium, i-nickel kunye nezinye iintsimbi zebhetri, ukunyuka kwenkcitho kwi-uranium kunye nomhlaba onqabileyo kunye nokunyuka kobhedu.

Unyaka wezemigodi we-M&A, spin-offs, IPOs, kunye nezivumelwano zeSPAC

NgoDisemba, intelekelelo malunga ne-Anglo American (LON: AAL)ukuba yithagethi yokuthathwangumntu okhuphisana naye okanye inkampani yabucala enezabelo zamashishini ezingenanzala emisiweyo, njengoko ubuthathaka kwizabelo zabasebenzi-mgodini abohlukeneyo buqhubekile.

Ukuba i-Anglo American ayiguquli ukusebenza kwaye ixabiso lesabelo liyaqhubeka ukudodobala, abahlalutyi beJefferies bathi abanako “ukuthintela ukuba i-Anglo ibandakanyeka kwindlela ebanzi yokumanyanisa ishishini,” ngokwenqaku labo lophando.

Ngo-Okthobha, abanini-zabelo base-Newcrest Mining bavote ngamandla ukuba kwamkeleke ibhiliyoni emalunga ne-17 yeebhiliyoni zokuthenga kwisikhululo semigodi yegolide i-Newmont Corporation.

I-Newmont (i-NYSE: i-NEM) iceba ukunyusa i-2 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ngemali ngokuthengisa umgodi kunye nokuchithwa kweprojekthi emva kokufunyanwa. Ukufunyanwa kuzisa ixabiso lenkampani malunga neebhiliyoni ezingama-50 zeedola kwaye yongeza imigodi emihlanu esebenzayo kunye neeprojekthi ezimbini eziphambili kwipotifoliyo yaseNewmont.

Uqhawulo-mtshato kunye ne-spin-offs yayiyinxalenye enkulu yophuhliso lweshishini luka-2023.

Emva kokuchaswa amatyeli amaninzi kwiphulo layo lokuthenga zonke izixhobo zeTeck, iGlencore neqabane layo laseJapan bakwimeko engcono.ukuzisa ibhiliyoni ye-9 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ukulungiselela iyunithi yamalahle eyahluka-hlukeneyo yaseKhanadaukuvala. I-CEO yaseGlencore uGary Nagle kwibid yokuqala yenkampani yonke ijongene nenkcaso eqatha evela kurhulumente weLiberal kaJustin Trudeau kunye nenkulumbuso yaseBritish Columbia, apho inkampani izinze khona.

I-Vale (NYSE: VALE) ayifuni amaqabane amatsha kwisiseko sayo sentsimbi emva kwentengiso ye-equity yamva nje, kodwa inokuthathela ingqaleloIPOkwiyunithi kwiminyaka emithathu okanye emine, i-CEO u-Eduardo Bartolomeo uthe ngo-Okthobha.

UVale waqesha owayengumphathi we-Anglo American Plc uMark Cutifani ngo-Epreli ukuba akhokele ibhodi ezimeleyo yokulawula i-26-billion ye-copper kunye ne-nickel unit eyenziwe ngoJulayi xa inkampani yomzali waseBrazil ithengisa i-10% kwi-Saudi fund Manara Minerals.

Izabelo kwi-Indonesian yobhedu kunye nomgodi wegolide, i-PT Amman Mineral Internasional, iye yanda ngaphezu kokuphindwe kane ukususela kuluhlu lukaJulayi kwaye imiselwe ukuba iqhubeke ikhula emva kokubandakanywa kwayo kwizalathisi ezinkulu zemarike ezikhulayo ngoNovemba.

I-IPO ye-Amman Mineral yezigidi ezingama-715 yezigidi zeedola yayiyeyona inkulu kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia zoqoqosho likhulu kulo nyaka kwaye ibalwe kwimfuno emandla yemali yehlabathi kunye neyekhaya.

Ayizizo zonke izinto ezihambe kakuhle kulo nyaka.

Ibhengezwe ngoJuni, i-1 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zentengiso ngengxowa-mali yetshekhi engenanto i-ACG Acquisition Co ukufumanai-nickel yaseBrazil kunye nomgodi wegolide wobheduukusuka Appian Capital, yapheliswa ngoSeptemba.

Isivumelwano sixhaswe nguGlencore, umzali wakwaChrysler uStellantis kunye neyunithi yebhetri yakwaVolkswagen iPowerCo ngotyalo-mali lwe-equity, kodwa njengoko amaxabiso e-nickel aye ehla kwabakho ukunqongophala komdla kubatyali-mali abambalwa kwinqanaba le-300 yezigidi zeerandi zobonelelo lwe-equity olucwangciswe yi-ACG njengenxalenye ye-equity. isivumelwano.

Iingxoxo ngo-2022 zokufumana le migodi nazo aziphumelelanga emva kokuba uSibanye-Stillwater owayefake isicelo sakurhoxa. Loo ntengiselwano ngoku ingumxholoiinkqubo zomthethoemva kokuba u-Appian efake ibango le-1.2 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ngokuchasene nomsebenzi-mgodini waseMzantsi Afrika.

I-nickel nosedive

Ngo-Epreli, i-PT Trimegah Bangun Persada yase-Indonesia, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Harita Nickel, inyuse i-10 yetriliyoni ye-rupiah (i-672 yezigidi zeerandi) kwinto eyayiyi-Indonesia inkulu yomnikelo wonyaka.

I-IPO ye-Harita Nickel ngokukhawuleza yajika yaba muncu kubatyali-mali, nangona kunjalo, njengoko amaxabiso esinyithi angena ekuhlahleni okuzinzileyo kunye nokude. I-Nickel yeyona nto iqhuba kakubi phakathi kwesiseko sesinyithi, phantse isiqingatha sexabiso emva kokuqala ngo-2023 urhwebo olungaphezulu kwe-$ 30,000 yetoni.

Kunyaka olandelayo awukhangeleki umhle kubhedu lukasathana nokuba ngumvelisi ophezulu uNornickel exela kwangaphambili intsalela eyandayo ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemfuno yezithuthi zombane kunye ne-ramp-up ekuboneleleni evela e-Indonesia, nayo eza kunye nomaleko oshinyeneyo we-cobalt:

“… ngenxa yokuqhubeka komjikelo wokususwa kwempahla kwikhonkco lonikezelo lwe-EV, isabelo esikhulu seebhetri ze-LFP ezingezizo eze-nickel, kunye nokutshintsha kancinci ukusuka kwi-BEV ukuya kwintengiso ye-PHEV eTshayina. Ngeli xesha, ukusungulwa kwe-nickel entsha yase-Indonesia kuqhubekile ngesantya esiphezulu. ”

I-Palladiumkwaye ubenonyaka onzima, wehle ngaphezulu kwesithathu ngo-2023 ngaphandle kwentlawulo kade ukusuka kwiminyaka emininzi esezantsi ekuqaleni kukaDisemba. I-Palladium yayigqibele ukurhweba nge-1,150 yeedola nge-ounce.

I-China iguqula izihlunu zayo ezibalulekileyo zeminerali

NgoJulayi i-China yabhengeza ukuba iza kubamba ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazweiintsimbi ezimbini ezingacacanga kodwa ezibalulekileyoekunyukeni kwemfazwe yorhwebo kubuchwepheshe kunye ne-US kunye neYurophu.

UBeijing uthe abathumeli bangaphandle kuya kufuneka bafake izicelo zeelayisensi kumphathiswa wezorhwebo ukuba bafuna ukuqala okanye baqhubeke nokuthumela i-gallium kunye negermanium ngaphandle kwelizwe kwaye kuya kufuneka bachaze iinkcukacha zabathengi baphesheya kunye nezicelo zabo.

I-China ngowona mthombo uphezulu wazo zombini iintsimbi-ibalelwa kwi-94% yobonelelo lwe-gallium kunye ne-83% ye-germanium, ngokutsho kophononongo lwe-European Union malunga nezixhobo ezibalulekileyo kulo nyaka. Ezi ntsimbi zimbini zineengcaphephe ezininzi ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza itshiphu, izixhobo zonxibelelwano kunye nokhuselo.

Ngo-Okthobha, i-China yathi iya kufuna imvume yokuthumela ngaphandle kwezinye iimveliso zegraphite ukukhusela ukhuseleko lwelizwe. I-China lelona lizwe liphezulu ngabavelisi begraphite nokuthengisa ngaphandle. Ikwacokisa ngaphezulu kwe-90% yegraphite yehlabathi kwizinto ezisetyenziswa phantse kuzo zonke ii-anode zebhetri ze-EV, eyindawo etshajwe kakubi yebhetri.

abasebenzi basezimayini USuthe intshukumo yase China igxininisa imfuneko yokuba iWashington ithomalalise inkqubo yayo yokuphonononga imvume. Phantse isinye kwisithathu segraphite esetyenzisiweyo e-United States ivela e-China, ngokutsho kwe-Alliance ye-Automotive Innovation, emele iinkampani ze-auto supply chain.

NgoDisemba, iBeijing yavala ukuthunyelwa kwetekhnoloji ukwenza iimagnethi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ngoLwesine, yongeza kwisithintelo esele sikhona kwitekhnoloji yokukhupha kunye nokwahlula izinto ezibalulekileyo.

Umhlaba onqabileyo liqela leentsimbi ezili-17 ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza oomazibuthe abajike amandla abe sisishukumo ukuze asetyenziswe kwizithuthi zombane, iiinjini zomoya kunye nombane.

Ngelixa amazwe aseNtshona ezama ukusungula owawoimisebenzi enqabileyo yokulungisa umhlaba, ukuvinjelwa kulindeleke ukuba kube nempembelelo enkulu kwinto ebizwa ngokuba "yimihlaba enqabileyo enzima," esetyenziswa kwiimoto zombane zemoto, izixhobo zonyango kunye nezixhobo, apho i-China ine-monopoly ebonakalayo yokucoca.

Eyokuqala:Frik Els | www.mining.com